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Deep Impact Mission Science Technology Mission Results Gallery Education Discovery Zone Your Community Press Science - Publications

These were many of the papers that existed before the mission and a few published during the mission but pre-encounter. A more complete list of papers about the mission results would be too long to post here. Instead we recommend you visit the NASA Astrophysics Data System and search on 'Deep Impact,' Tempel 1,' 'A'Hearn' and other likely keywords.

  • A'Hearn, M.F., R.L. Millis, D.G. Schleicher, D.J. Osip, and P.V. Birch, 1995.
    The ensemble properties of comets: results from narrowband photometry of 85 comets, 1976-1992.
    Icarus 118, 223-260
    Summary of abundances and properties of very many comets including 9P/Tempel 1.

  • A'Hearn, M., Delamere, A., and Frazier, W.
    IAA-00-IAA.11.2.04 The Deep Impact Mission: Opening a New Chapter in Cometary Science
    51st International Astronautical Congress held 2-6 October 2000 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.


  • Bank, T., Frazier,W., Blume, W., Kubitschek, D., Null, G., Mastrodemos, N., and Synnot, S.
    Deep Impact: 19 Gigajoules Can Make Quite an Impression
    24th Annual AAS Guidance and Control Conference
    31 Jan - 4 Feb 2001

  • M. J. S. Belton and M. F. A'Hearn,
    Deep Sub-Surface Exploration of Cometary Nuclei

  • Belyaev, N.A., et al., 1986. Catalogue of Short-Period Comets.
    Astronomical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, pp 58-60.
    (Note: Older numbering system for comets.)
    Evolution of orbital parameters, with diagrams, since discovery, for all short-period comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.

  • Carusi, A., et al., 1985. Long-Term Evolution of Short-Period Comets.
    Adam-Hilger, Ltd., Bristol. pp 10.1.1-10.1.2.
    (Note: Older numbering system for comets.)
    Integrations of the orbits of all short-period comets, including 9P/Tempel 1, from 1600 to 2400 AD.

  • Kresak, L., 1974. The aging and brightness decrease of comets.
    Bulletin of the Astronomical Institute of Czechoslovakia 25, 87-112.
    Interpreted photometric data on periodic comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.
    Full Refereed Scanned Article courtesy of NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS).

  • Kresak, L., and M. Kresakova, 1989. Absolute brightness variations in periodic comets, part I.Bulletin of the Astronomical Institute of Czechoslovakia 40, 269-284.
    Catalog of newly derived photometric properties of very many comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.
    Full Refereed Scanned Article courtesy of NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS).

  • Kresak, L., and M. Kresakova, 1990. Absolute brightness variations in periodic comets, part II.
    Bulletin of the Astronomical Institute of Czechoslovakia 41, 1-17.
    Discussion of secular brightness variations of numerous periodic comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.
    Full Refereed Scanned Article courtesy of NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS).

  • Kronk, Gary W., 1984. Comets: A Descriptive Catalog.
    Enslow Publishers, Hillside, NJ. pp 306-308.
    A description of the discovery circumstances and overall coverage of recoveries of all comets. A newer catalog is in the works, but the only volume published thus far goes up to 1800, i.e. before the discovery of 9P/Tempel 1.

  • Kubitschek, D., Mastrodemos, N., and Synnot, S.P. Deep Impact Flyby Spacecraft Instrument Pointing in the Presence of an Inactive Impactor Spacecraft. 6th Annual AAS Guidance and Control Conference, 5-9 Feb 2003

  • Levison, Harold F., and Martin J. Duncan, 1998. The SwRI Catalog of Short-Period Comet Orbit Integrations. (SwRI, Boulder).
    Long-term integrations of all short-period comets. Suggests perihelion distance for 9P/Tempel 1 has been inside 10 AU for > 3x105 yrs.

  • C.M. Lisse, M.F. A'Hearn, Y.R. Fernandez , S.B. Peschke,
    A Search for Trends in Cometary Dust Emission.

  • Lowry, S. C., A. Fitzsimmons, I. M. Cartwright, and I. P. Williams, 1999. CCD Photometry of Distant Comets.
    Astron.Astrophys. 349, 649-659.
    Afrho = 12 cm at r = 3.51 AU (1995 Aug 27); nuclear radius < 2.3 km for 0.04 albedo.

  • Lynch, D.K., et al., 1995. IRAS LRS Spectra of Comets Tempel 1 and Tempel 2.
    Icarus 114, 197-202.
    Spectra consistent with equilibrium black body, no silicates, spatially extended.

  • Marsden, B.G., 1967. One hundred periodic comets.
    Science 155, 1207-1213.
    Overview of lost and recovered comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.

  • Meech, K. J., The Deep Impact Mission and the AAVSO
    JAAVSO, vol. 31, Nr. 1, 2002.

  • Meech, K. J., M. F. A'Hearn, L. McFadden, M. J. S. Belton, A. Delamere, J. Kissel, K. Klaasen, D. Yeomans, J. Melosh, P. Schultz, J. Sunshine, and J. Veverka, 2000. In "Bioastronomy '99 -- A New Era in Bioastronomy", Proceedings of a Conference held on the Kohala Coast, Hawaii 2-6 Aug 1999, ASP Conf. Ser, ed. G. Lemarchand, K. J. Meech, 213, 235-242.

  • Merlin, J., 1984. Drawings of Recently-Observed Comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.
    ICQ 52, Vol. 6, No. 4, 80-83.
    View the drawings.

  • Osip, D.J., D.G. Schleicher, and R.L. Millis, 1992. Comets: Groundbased Observations of Spacecraft Mission Candidates.
    Icarus 98, 115-124.
    Narrowband photometric results for 9P/Tempel 1 and other likely targets.

  • Sykes, M.V. and R.G. Walker, 1992. Cometary Dust Trails. I-Survey.
    Icarus 95, 180-210.
    Basic dust trail parameters for 8 comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.

  • Vsekhsvyatsky, S., 1958. Physical Characteristics of Comets (English Translation 1964), Israel Program for Scientific Translations, published for NASA and NSF.
    Absolute magnitudes and text description of each apparition for all comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.

  • Walker, R.G., H. Campins, and M. Schlapfer, 1991. High Resolution Images of P/Tempel 1 and P/Tempel 2 Constructed From IRAS Survey Data.
    IN: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors. ed. A.W. Harris and E. Bowell. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX. pp 617-620.
    Revised thermal emission fluxes, the two comets are very similar in most properties.

  • Walker, R.G. and H.H. Aumann, 1984. IRAS Observations of Cometary Dust.
    Advances In Space Research vol.4 no.9, 197-201.
    Basic observational properties for 12 comets, including 9P/Tempel 1.

  • Zarnecki, J.C., et al.,1986. A Preliminary Analysis of IRAS AO's (Additional Observations) of Comet Tempel 1.
    IN: Asteroids, Comets, Meteors II. ed. Lagerkvist, C.I., B.A. Lindblad, H. Lundstedt, H. Rickman. Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. pp 403-406.
    Spatial distribution of dust, 10% above equilibrium black-body temperature but variable across coma.

  • Zarnecki, J.C., et al.,1984. Recent Infared Observations of Comets With UKIRT and IRAS.
    Advances In Space Research vol.4 no.9, 203-206.
    Preliminary report of extended emission seen by IRAS and spatial variation of temperature.



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